Due to gujju and marwari baniyas inheriting the British built industrial sector, no research happend in in india and we lagged behind everything.
We don't make anything niche or some thing that the world can't make.
there was simply no attempt at manufacturing or private MSME enterprise. India focused on building IITs/IIMs not a good public school system like Cuba despite being wannabe socialist.
Even now all we have in india are informal gig jobs or tertiary jobs like logistics or teaching but no good middle income jobs and the window has waned.
It's either the IIT route or the crappy route, and the top engineers and consultants are infact MNC jobs that every country has and they built a BPO hub here and that's the elite layer as such.
Indian manufacturing was so garbage that the Kaveri engine project poised to be India's indigenous jet engine was never able proceed. It was because we jeets never had a single crystal grown supperalloy capable of not shattering at high heat and temperature.
Ameriki firms never gave it to us and we seethed that 90s project and killed it off recently.
India also has licence raj and all, which stifled MSMEs, even now the productivity is abysmal.
sorry for the rant
>>252708
And this is primarily because the capital fell into the hands of the baniyas.
All other castes like South Indian brahmins, north indian khatris, pandits thakurs and bhadraloks of bengal owned engineering firms in the 1800s and 1900s and these castes were involved in education, law, military etc.
Baniyas served whoever was in power, became their favourite and inherited the wealth
