Israel (IDF): Israel uses Hebrew titles based on biblical and local terminology rather than standard European terms. For example, a colonel is called an aluf-mishne (deputy general), and a major general is simply an aluf.
Greece: The Hellenic Armed Forces use traditional Greek-root terms for general officer grades, such as stratēgos (general/army-leader) and antistratēgos (lieutenant general/vice army-leader).
China (PLA): The People's Liberation Army uses translated functional terms like Shangxiao (Senior Colonel) and Shaojiang (Major General), which follow a strictly native naming and categorization hierarchy
Japan (JSDF): Japan's Self-Defense Forces use distinct traditional terms translated as Ittō Jisatsukan or specific equivalents like Sho-sa (Major) and Chu-sa (Lieutenant Colonel), reflecting historical Japanese military nomenclature.
